Las transiciones vitalesun marco conceptual para la innovación en la intervención, la formación y la investigación en Trabajo Social

Resumo

Social action has historically emphasized the accompaniment of people whose objective was to achieve certain doses of stability or balance in their lives. In contexts in which a certain family model and more or less standardized mechanisms of social incorporation predominated, through schooling or employment, social difficulties and their solutions were associated with the management of opportunities to travel along these paths "Normalized." The imbalances in these processes also had fairly standardized responses: institutionalization in the absence of family or the promotion of training and employment to address marginalization and poverty, for example. But what happens when diversity increases? What happens when vital itineraries, family models, ways of accessing training and employment are many, very different from each other and change rapidly? What happens when having a job is no longer a guarantee of having basic needs covered? How to face the moments of change or decision making when life is not so linear? And how to travel through these changing and accelerated contexts? And, from the point of view of social work professionals, how can we respond to the needs that arise in these liquid life contexts (using Bauman terminology, 2006)? How to accompany these changing and accelerated scenarios, in which our own personal and professional processes are also immersed? The conceptual frameworks that had traditionally allowed us to understand and act on people's life trajectories have become more uncertain and develop in scenarios characterized by flexibility, deinstitutionalization or personalization of those trajectories. This involves difficulties and also opportunities that can guide research, intervention strategies and the development of social work skills. The objective of this chapter is to present a review of the conceptual framework of vital transitions and understand the potential of this concept to generate innovations in the three areas indicated (research, intervention and training) of Social Work