Evaluación de la acción socioeducativa con jóvenes de protección en programas de tránsito a la vida adulta

  1. Miguel Melendro Estefanía
  2. Ana Eva Rodríguez-Bravo
  3. Mª Pilar Rodrigo-Moriche
  4. María José Díaz Santiago
Revista:
Pedagogía social: revista interuniversitaria

ISSN: 1139-1723

Año de publicación: 2022

Número: 40

Páginas: 35-50

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.7179/PSRI_2022.40.02 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Pedagogía social: revista interuniversitaria

Resumen

O actual corpo de investigação sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos jovens no sistema de protecção na sua transição para a vida adulta é notável e fornece uma base científica sólida para a concepção e implementação de políticas e programas que apoiam este processo. A sua dimensão avaliativa também sofreu um desenvolvimento significativo em termos da caracterização dos perfis atendidos e da avaliação dos programas e projectos implementados. Este documento apresenta uma avaliação da formação desenvolvida através de programas e projectos de acção sócio-educativa. Tem sido seguida uma abordagem participativa e sistemática, envolvendo jovens de recursos residenciais, jovens em vida independente e os seus educadores de referência, e uma metodologia quantitativa, exploratória, descritiva e correlacional. Foram aplicados três instrumentos: a bateria de questionários EVAP (Evaluación de la Autonomía Personal/Avaliação da Autonomia Pessoal), que analisou os dados sociodemográficos básicos, as dimensões da vida residencial e a situação dos jovens no sistema de protecção, as suas competências e expectativas; a Escala de Autonomia no Trânsito para a Vida Adulta e a Escala de Bem-estar Psicológico Ryff. A amostra inclui 384 jovens de 17-23 anos (100 em recursos residenciais e 284 em vida independente) e 99 educadores. Os resultados reflectem o sucesso dos projectos de transição para a vida adulta na formação dos jovens em competências pessoais e relacionais para se juntarem ao mundo adulto, a partir de um sentimento de satisfação de vida. Ao mesmo tempo, as dimensões das relações familiares e da gestão da habitação são identificadas como revisáveis nas suas abordagens para aumentar a eficácia das acções desenvolvidas.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Anghel, R. (2011). Transition within transition: How young people learn to leave behind institutional care whilst their carers are stuck in neutral. Children and Youth Services Review, 33 (12), 2526-2531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.08.013
  • Bernal Romero, T. (2016). El tránsito a la vida adulta de jóvenes egresados del sistema de protección en Colombia: Trayectorias, fuentes de resiliencia e intervenciones socioeducativas (Tesis doctoral). UNED, Madrid, España.
  • Bernal Romero, T., Melendro, M. & Charry, C. (2020). Transition to adulthood autonomy scale for young people: Design and validation. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 457. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00457
  • Bernaud, J. L. (2014). Career counseling and life meaning: A new perspective of life designing for research and applications”. In The Construction of the Identity in 21st Century: A Festschrift for Jean Guichard, eds A. Di Fabio y J. L. Bernaud . Nova Science, 29-40.
  • Bond, S. (2020). Care leavers’ and their care workers’ views of preparation and aftercare services in the eastern cape, South Africa. Emerging Adulthood, 8(1), 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696818801106
  • Bridges, W. (2009). Managing transitions: Making the most of change. Da Capo Press.
  • Briheim-Crookall, L. (2011). Making the cut: Planning transitions for care leavers in an age of austerity. National Care Advisory Service.
  • Bussières, E., St-Germain, A., Dubé, M., & Richard, M. (2017). Efficacité et efficience des programmes de transition à la vie adulte: Une revue systématique. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 58(4), 354. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/cap0000104
  • Cameron, C., Hollingworth, K., Schoon, I., van Santen, E., Schröer, W., Ristikari, T., ... Pekkarinen, E. (2018). Care leavers in early adulthood: How do they fare in Britain, Finland and Germany? Children and Youth Services Review, 87, 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.02.031
  • Campos, G., Goig, R. & Cuenca, E. (2020). Relevance of the social support network for the emancipation of young adults leaving residential care. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 50-18 (1), https://doi.org/10.25115/ejrep.v18i50.2599
  • Comasòlivas Moya, A., Sala-Roca, J., & Marzo Arpón, T. E. (2018). Los recursos residenciales para la transición hacia la vida adulta de los jóvenes tutelados en Cataluña. Pedagogía Social Revista Interuniversitaria, (31), 125-137. https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2018.31.10
  • Courtney, M. E., & Hook, J. L. (2017). The potential educational benefits of extending foster care to young adults: Findings from a natural experiment. Children and Youth Services Review, (72), 124-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.030
  • Courtney, M. E., Hook, J. L., & Lee, J. S. (2012). Distinct subgroups of former foster youth during young adulthood: Implications for policy and practice. Child Care in Practice, 18(4), 409-418. https://doi.org/10.1080/13575279.2012.718196
  • Díaz, D., Rodríguez-Carvajal, R., Blanco, A., Moreno-Jiménez, B., Gallardo, I., Valle, C., & Van Dierendonck, D. (2006). Adaptación española de las escalas de bienestar psicológico de Ryff. Psicothema, 18(3), 572-577. http://www.psicothema.com/pdf/3255.pdf
  • Dixon, J., & Baker, C. (2016). New belongings: An evaluation. Londres. Department of Education. http://www.gov.uk/government/publications
  • Dixon, J., & Ward, J. (2018). Expanding employment horizons for young people in care: An evaluation of york cares’ bright futures project. https://www.york.ac.uk/spsw/research/cwrg/themes/
  • Duineveld, J. J., Parker, P. D., Ryan, R. M., Ciarrochi, J., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2017). The link between perceived maternal and paternal autonomy support and adolescent well-being across three major educational transitions. Developmental Psychology, 53(10), 1978. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000364
  • Dutta, S. (2017). Life after leaving care: Experiences of young indian girls. Children and Youth Services Review, 73, 266- 273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.12.022
  • Everson‐Hock, E. S., Jones, R., Guillaume, L., Clapton, J., Duenas, A., Goyder, E., ... & Swann, C. (2011). Supporting the transition of looked‐after young people to independent living: a systematic review of interventions and adult outcomes. Child: care, health and development, 37(6), 767-779. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01287.x
  • Fernández Del Valle, J., & García-Alba, L. (2021). Manual Programa Planea. Entrenamiento en habilidades para la vida adulta. Publisher: Consejería de Bienestar Social de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353429603_Manual_Programa_Planea_Entrenamiento_en_habilidades_para_la_ vida_adulta
  • Gilligan, R., & Arnau‐Sabatés, L. (2017). The role of carers in supporting the progress of care leavers in the world of work. Child & Family Social Work, 22(2), 792-800. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12297
  • Goyette, M. (2019). Leaving care and the transition to adulthood. In V. R. Mann-Feder, & M. Goyette. (Eds.), Leaving Care and the Transition to Adulthood: International Contributions to Theory, Research, and Practice, (pp. 329–345). Oxford University Press.
  • Goyette, M., Bellot, C., Blanchet, A., & Silva-Ramirez, R. (2019). Stabilité résidentielle, instabilité résidentielle et itinérance des jeunes quittant un placement substitut pour la transition à la vie adulte. Étude longitudinale sur le devenir des jeunes placés. http://edjep.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Consultez-le-rapport-en-cliquant-ici.pdf
  • Goyette, M., & Frechon, I. (2013). Comprendre le devenir des jeunes placés: La nécessité d’une observation longitudinale et représentative tenant compte des contextes socio-culturel et politique. Revue Française des Affaires Sociales, (1), 164-180. https://doi.org/10.391/fras.125.0164
  • Goyette, M., Mann-Feder, V., Turcotte, D., & Grenier, S. (2016). Youth empowerment and engagement: An analysis of support practices in the youth protection system in Québec. Revista Española De Pedagogía, 74(263), 31–49. https://revistadepedagogia.org/en/lxxiv-en/no-263/youth-empowerment-and-engagement-an-analysis-of-support-practices-in-the-youth-protection-system-in-quebec/101400001835/
  • Häggman-Laitila A., Salokekkilä, P., & Karki, S. (2020). Integrative review of the evaluation of additional support programs for care leavers making the transition to adulthood, Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 54, 63-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.05.009
  • Harder, A. T., Mann-Feder, V., Oterholm, I., & Refaeli, T. (2020). Supporting transitions to adulthood for youth leaving care: Consensus based principles. Children and Youth Services Review, 116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105260
  • Hiles, D., Moss, D., Thorne, L., Wright, J., & Dallos, R. (2014). “So what am I?”—Multiple perspectives on young people’s experience of leaving care. Children and Youth Services Review, 41, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.007
  • Komljenovic, J. (2020). Méta-analyse sur l’efficacité des programmes de préparation à l’autonomie pour les jeunes qui transitent à l’âge adulte à partir d’un milieu de vie substitut. https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/handle/1866/24426
  • Liabo, K., McKenna, C., Ingold, A., & Roberts, H. (2017). Leaving foster or residential care: A participatory study of care leavers’ experiences of health and social care transitions. Child: Care, Health and Development, 43(2), 182-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12426
  • Lynch, A., Alderson, H., Kerridge, G., Johnson, R., McGovern, R., Newlands, F.… Currie, G. (2021). An inter-disciplinary perspective on evaluation of innovation to support care leavers’ transition. Journal of Children’s Services, 16 (3) 214- 232. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCS-12-2020-0082
  • Mann-Feder, V. R., & Goyette, M. (2019). Leaving care and the transition to adulthood: International contributions to theory, research, and practice Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630485.001.0001
  • Maree, J. G., & Twigge, A. (2016). Career and self-construction of emerging adults: The value of life designing. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 2041. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02041
  • Melendro, M., Campos, G., Rodríguez-Bravo, A. E., & Resino, D. A. (2020). Young people’s autonomy and psychological well-being in the transition to adulthood: A pathway analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2020.01946
  • Melendro, M., Dixon, J., & Incarnato, M. (2020). Transitions from care to work for vulnerable young people in Spain, England, and Argentina. Working with Young People: A Social Pedagogy Perspective from Europe and Latin America, 168. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190937768.003.0011
  • Melendro, M., Campos, G., De-Juanas, A., García-Castilla, F.J., Goig, R.M., Martínez-Sánchez, I. & Rodríguez-Bravo, A.E. (2019) CUESTIONARIOS EVAP (Evaluación de la Autonomía Personal). Registro Territorial de la Propiedad Intelectual de la Comunidad de Madrid, Nº M-004026/2019.
  • Montserrat, C., Delgado, P., Garcia-Molsosa, M., Carvalho, J., & Llosada-Gistau, J. (2021). Young teenagers’ views regarding residential care in Portugal and Spain: A qualitative study. Social Sciences, 10(2), 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020066
  • Montserrat, C., & Melendro, M. (2017). ¿Qué habilidades y competencias se valoran de los profesionales que trabajan con adolescencia en riesgo de exclusión social? Análisis desde la acción socioeducativa. Educación XX1, 20(2), 113- 135. https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.19034
  • Nho, C. R., Park, E. H., & McCarthy, M. L. (2017). Case studies of successful transition from out-of-home placement to young adulthood in Korea. Children and Youth Services Review, 79, 315-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.035
  • Parry, S., & Weatherhead, S. (2014). A critical review of qualitative research into the experiences of young adults leaving foster care services. Journal of Children’s Services, 9(4) 263-279. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCS-04-2014-0022
  • Pérez García, S., Águila Otero, A., González García, C., Santos, I., & Fernández del Valle, Jorge Carlos. (2019). No one ever asked us. young people’s evaluation of their residential child care facilities in three different programs. Psicothema,31(3) 319-326 https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2019.129
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
  • Sabaté‐Tomas, M., Sala‐Roca, J., & Arnau, L. (2021). Treatment progress of foster care adolescents with severe behavioural problems: Factors conditioning their performance in the residential treatment centres. Child & Family Social Work, 26(1), 203-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12798
  • Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J., Duarte, M. E., Guichard, J.,… Van Vianen, A. E. (2009). Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the 21st century. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(3), 239-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.04.004
  • Stein, M. (2012). Young people leaving care: Supporting pathways to adulthood. Londres: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Sulimani-Aidan, Y. (2018). Present, protective, and promotive: Mentors’ roles in the lives of young adults in residential care. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 88(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000235
  • Sulimani-Aidan, Y., Melkman, E., & Hellman, C. M. (2019). Nurturing the hope of youth in care: The contribution of mentoring. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 89(2), 134. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000320
  • Úcar, X., Planas, A., Novella Cámara, A. M., & Rodrigo Moriche, M. P. (2017). Evaluación participativa del empoderamiento juvenil con grupos de jóvenes. Análisis de casos. Pedagogía Social Revista Interuniversitaria 30(1) 67-80. https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2017.30.05
  • Van Breda, A. D. (2015). Journey towards independent living: A grounded theory investigation of leaving the care of girls & boys town, South Africa. Journal of Youth Studies, 18(3), 322-337. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2014.963534
  • Zamith-Cruz, J. Z., Lopes, A., & Carvalho, Maria de Lurdes Dias de. (2016). Educação para a autonomia em instituições de crianças e jovens: O que nos dizem as narrativas dos profissionais. Pesquisa Qualitativa, 4(6), 353-367. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/45532
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet