Percepción de los jóvenes vinculados y egresados del sistema de protección acerca de su relación con la familia. Bienestar psicológico, atribuciones y expectativas académicas y laborales
- Fernando López-Noguero
- José Alberto Gallardo-López
- Isabel Martínez-Sánchez
- Margarita Vasco-González
ISSN: 1139-1723
Año de publicación: 2022
Número: 40
Páginas: 113-128
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Pedagogía social: revista interuniversitaria
Resumen
The family unit provides fundamental support for the development and social integration of all people. It is even more crucial for particularly vulnerable youths, such as those currently in care or aged out of the care system. As they transition to adult life, these young people will face a variety of social and educational difficulties mainly related to their success with academics and employment, emotional regulation, and social integration. When determining whether individuals have transitioned well to adulthood according to the psychological well-being model –and considering young people’s attributions and expectations for school and work– researchers must focus on the socio-affective relationships between these youths and their families. The purpose of this study, which includes 102 young people from different regions of Spain who are in care or have left the care system, is to examine how these youths perceive their family relationships; and secondly, to determine how these relationships affect their psychological well-being and their academic and employment attributions and expectations. The methodology employed was quantitative and descriptive, with a quantitative non-experimental study design. Information was gathered using the following questionnaires: EVAP4, EDATVA, and the Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale. Results showed that having a good relationship with family was linked to positive academic and employment attributions and expectations. Furthermore, family relationships affect dimensions of psychological well-being in these young people: specifically, ‘self-acceptance’ and ‘purpose in life’. Higher scores on the self-acceptance subscale were directly linked to indicating a good relationship with family. Likewise, those with higher scores on the purpose in life subscale reported enjoying a positive family relationship. Among the main conclusions of the study, the relevance of establishing good family relationships as the backbone of support for the socio-educational insertion of this group stands out.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Ahrens, K. R., DuBois, D. L., Richardson, L. P., Fan, M. Y., & Lozano, P. (2008). Youth in foster care with adult mentors during adolescence have improved adult outcomes. Pediatrics, 121(2), e246-e252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-0508
- Alivernini, F., Cavicchiolo, E., Manganelli, S., Chirico, A., & Lucidi, F. (2019). Support for autonomy at school predicts immigrant adolescents’ psychological well-being. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 21(4), 761-766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-018-0839-x
- Alonso, E., Santana, L. E., & Feliciano, L. (2018). Trayectorias de empleabilidad de los jóvenes que abandonan el sistema de protección. Educatio Siglo XXI, 36(3 Nov-Feb1), 485-504. https://doi.org/10.6018/j/350101
- Alzugaray, C., Mateos-Pérez, E. & Teletxea, S. (2021). Resiliencia comunitaria y bienestar de adolescentes en desprotección sociofamiliar. Inclusión social, 13 (2), 171-187.
- Asociación Médica Mundial (AMM) (21 de marzo de 2017). Declaración de Helsinki de la AMM. Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. https://bit.ly/2X6lSOC.
- Ball, B., Sevillano, L., Faulkner, M., & Belseth, T. (2021). Agency, genuine support, and emotional connection: Experiences that promote relational permanency in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 121, 13-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105852.
- Bennett, J., Unrau, Y., Gray, L., & Dawson, A. (2020). A coaching model to support college students from foster care. Relational Child and Youth Care Practice, 33(2), 78-95.
- Bernal, T. (2017). Proyecto de vida de jóvenes en el sistema de protección colombiano. Una perspectiva desde las intervenciones socioeducativas. Revista Metamorfosis: Revista del Centro Reina Sofía sobre adolescencia y juventud, (6), 28-47.
- Bernal, T., & Melendro, M. (2017). Resolución de conflictos desde la resiliencia: El caso de los jóvenes extutelados en Colombia. Revista de Paz y Conflictos, 10(2), 65-87.
- Bernal, T., Melendro, M., Charry, C., & Goig, R. (2020). La influencia de la familia y la educación en la autonomía de los jóvenes: una revisión sistemática. Bordón. Revista de Pedagogía, 72(2), 29-44. https://doi.org/10.13042/Bordon.2020.76175
- Bruskas, D., & Tessin, D. H. (2013). Adverse childhood experiences and psychosocial well-being of women who were in foster care as children. The Permanente Journal, 17(3), e131-e135. http://dx.doi.org/10.7812/TPP/12-121
- Campos, G., Goig, R., & Cuenca, E. (2020). La importancia de la red de apoyo social para la emancipación de jóvenes en acogimiento residencial. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 1(1), 27-54.
- Cluver, L., & Gardner, F. (2007). Risk and protective factors for psychological well-being of children orphaned by AIDS in Cape Town: a qualitative study of children and caregivers’ perspectives. AIDS care, 19(3), 318–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120600986578
- Cuenca, M. E., Campos, G., & Goig, R. M. (2018). El tránsito a la vida adulta de los jóvenes en acogimiento residencial: el rol de la familia. Educación XX1, 21(1), 321-343. https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.20201.
- Delgado, L. (2021). Jóvenes con problemas de comportamiento graves atendidos en centros terapéuticos residenciales: ¿al final del sistema de protección infantil? Informaciones psiquiátricas: Publicación científica de los Centros de la Congregación de Hermanas Hospitalarias del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús, (243), 27-51.
- Díaz, D., Rodríguez-Carvajal, R., Blanco, A., Moreno-Jiménez, B., Gallardo, I., Valle, C., & van Dierendonck, D. (2006). Adaptación española de las escalas de bienestar psicológico de Ryff. Psicothema, 18(3), 572–577.
- Fava G. A. (2012). The clinical role of psychological well-being. World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 11(2), 102–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wpsyc.2012.05.018
- Fernández-Simo, D., & Cid X. M. (2018). Análisis longitudinal de la transición a la vida adulta de las personas segregadas del sistema de protección a la infancia ya la adolescencia. Bordón. Revista de Pedagogía, 70(2), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.13042/Bordon.2018.54539
- Font, S. A., & Gershoff, E. T. (2020). Foster care and best interests of the child: Integrating research, policy, and practice. Springer Nature.
- Gallardo-Vázquez, P., Gallardo, F. J., & Gallardo-López, J. A. (2021). Fundamentos teóricos de la educación emocional. Claves para la transformación educativa. Octaedro.
- García-Castilla, F. J., Martínez, I., Campos, G., & Arroyo, D. (2020). Impact of gender and relationship status on Young people’s autonomy and psychological wellbeing. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1735-1745. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.017
- García, L., & Grau, J. (2021). Cadenas de vulnerabilidad en el sistema de protección a la infancia. El acogimiento familiar fallido como factor de riesgo para el truncamiento adoptivo. Gazeta de Antropología, 37(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.30827/Digibug.69002
- Gardenhire, J., Schleiden, C., & Brown, C. C. (2019). Attachment as a tool in the treatment of children within foster care. Contemporary Family Therapy, 41(2), 191-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-018-09487-1
- Gleeson, J. P. (2018). Completing the evaluation triangle for the next century: Measuring child “well-being” in family foster care. In Family foster care in the next century (pp. 125-148). Routledge.
- Greeno, E. J., Fedina, L., Lee, B. R., Farrell, J., & Harburger, D. (2019). Psychological well-being, risk, and resilience of youth in out-of-home care and former foster youth. Journal of child & adolescent trauma, 12(2), 175-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40653-018-0204-1
- Keyes, C. L., Ryff, C. D., & Shmotkin, D. (2002). Optimizing Well-Being: The Empirical Encounter of Two Traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 1007-1022. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.1007
- Kothari, B. H., Blakeslee, J., & Miller, R. (2020). Individual and interpersonal factors associated with psychosocial functioning among adolescents in foster care: A scoping review. Children and youth services review, 118, 105454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105454
- Lasheras, R., & Pérez, B. (2014). Jóvenes, vulnerabilidades y exclusión social: impacto de la crisis y debilidades del sistema de protección social. Zerbitzuan: Revista de servicios sociales, 57, 137-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.5569/1134-7147.59.08.
- Llosada-Gistau, J., Montserrat, C., & Casas, F. (2017). ¿Cómo influye el sistema de protección en el bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes que acoge? Sociedad e Infancias,1, 261-282. https://doi.org/10.5209/SOCI.55830
- López, M., Santos, I., Bravo, A., & Del Valle, J. F. (2013). El proceso de transición a la vida adulta de jóvenes acogidos en el sistema de protección infantil. Revisión de la investigación y respuestas. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 29(1), 187-196. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.1.130542.
- López-Noguero, F. (2009). Métodos de investigación y planificación en intervención socioeducativa. Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Universidad Nacional de Nicaragua-Managua/ Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo.
- Martín, E., González, P., Chirino, E. & Castro, J. (2020) Inclusión social y satisfacción vital de los jóvenes extutelados. Pedagogía social: revista interuniversitaria, (35), 101-111. https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2020.35.08
- Martín, E., González-Navasa, P., & Domene-Quesada, L. (2021). Entre dos Sistemas: los Jóvenes Tutelados en Acogimiento Residencial con Medidas Judiciales. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 31, 55-61. https://doi.org/10.5093/apj2021a5.
- Marzo, M., & Galán, P. (2020). Percepciones de los jóvenes tutelados y extutelados acerca de la atención residencial recibida por el sistema de protección catalán. Educació social. Revista d’intervenció socioeducativa, (76), 177-193. https://doi.org/10.34810/EducacioSocialn76id365098
- Melendro, M., Campos, G., De-Juanas, A., García Castilla, F.J., Goig, R.M., Martínez, I. & Rodríguez, A.E. (2019) CUESTIONARIOS EVAP (Evaluación de la Autonomía Personal). Registro Territorial de la Propiedad Intelectual de la Comunidad de Madrid, Nº M-004026/2019.
- Mersky, J. P., & Janczewski, C. (2013). Adult well-being of foster care alumni: Comparisons to other child welfare recipients and a non-child welfare sample in a high-risk, urban setting. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(3), 367- 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.11.016
- Osborn, A. L., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2009). Foster Carers’ Perceptions of the Effects of Parental Contact upon Children’s Psychosocial Wellbeing in Long-term Foster Care. Communities, Children and Families Australia, 4(2), 18-33. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.135276352948552
- Páez-Gallego J., Gallardo-López J. A., López-Noguero, F., & Rodrigo-Moriche M. P. (2020) Analysis of the Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being and Decision Making in Adolescent Students. Front. Psychol. 11:1195. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01195
- Pirttimaa, R., & Välivaara, C. (2018). Educational intervention planning for children in foster care in Finland: A case study. Education Inquiry, 9(2), 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/20004508.2017.1328932
- Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
- Santana, L. E., Alonso, E., & Feliciano, L. (2018). Trayectorias laborales y competencias de empleabilidad de jóvenes nacionales e inmigrantes en riesgo de exclusión social. Revista Complutense de Educación, 29(2), 355-369. https://doi.org/10.5209/RCED.52444
- Sawyer, M. G., Carbone, J. A., Searle, A. K., & Robinson, P. (2007). The mental health and wellbeing of children and adolescents in home-based foster care. The Medical journal of Australia, 186(4), 181–184. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb00857.x
- Spencer, R., Drew, A. L., Gowdy, G., & Horn, J. P. (2018). “A positive guiding hand”: A qualitative examination of youth-initiated mentoring and the promotion of interdependence among foster care youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 93, 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.06.038
- Törrönen, M. (2021). Social relationships and their connection to mental health for young people who have been in the care system. The British Journal of Social Work, 51(3), 927-944. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcab028
- White, K. R., Rolock, N., Marra, L., Faulkner, M., Ocasio, K., & Fong, R. (2021). Understanding wellbeing and caregiver commitment after adoption or guardianship from fostercare. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 15(1), 105-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2020.1850601
- Williams-Butler, A., Ryan, J. P., McLoyd, V. C., Schulenberg, J. E., & Davis-Kean, P. E. (2018). Relational permanence and psychological well-being among African American adolescents in foster care. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(10), 3277-3287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1155-8