Las intervenciones socioeducativas en estudiantes de magisterio para reducir el estigma en la salud mental

  1. Álvaro Moraleda Ruano 1
  2. Diego Galán-Casado 2
  3. Adolfo J. Cangas Díaz 3
  1. 1 Universidad Camilo José Cela, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, España
  2. 2 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, España
  3. 3 Universidad de Almería, Almería, España
Revista:
Psicología educativa

ISSN: 1135-755X

Año de publicación: 2023

Volumen: 29

Número: 1

Páginas: 101-107

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5093/PSED2023A4 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Psicología educativa

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

This study examined the effect of three socio-educational interventions in teacher training students on the reduction of stigma: a serious game called Stigma-Stop, a program based on direct contact between students and people with mental health problems, and the broadcast of a documentary with a talk from a professional. The sample consisted of 120 undergraduates of the Degree in Teaching in Early Childhood Education and the Degree in Teaching in Primary Education of a Spanish university, with a pretest-posttest experimental design, the participants were randomly divided into three experimental groups and a control group. The results show a statistically significant reduction in stigma levels between the pretest and posttest in the three interventions, but not in the control group, which remained stable in both measurements. This showed that the three interventions were effective in reducing stigma, predominantly in the danger dimension and the total score.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Ahuja, K.K., Dhillon, M., Juneja, A. y Sharma, B. (2017). Breaking barriers: An education and contact intervention to reduce mental illness stigma among Indian college students. Psychosocial Intervention, 26(2), 103-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psi.2016.11.003
  • Amsalem, D., Yang, L. H., Jankowski, S., Lieff, S. A., Markowitz, J. C. y Dixon, L. B. (2021). Reducing stigma toward individuals with schizophrenia using a brief video: A randomized controlled trial of young adults. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 47(1), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa114
  • Anderson, K. y Austin, J. C. (2012). Effects of a documental film on public stigma related to mental illness among genetic counselors. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 21(4), 573-581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10897-011- 9414-5
  • Andrés-Rodríguez, L., Pérez-Aranda, A., Feliu-Soler, A., Rubio-Valera, M., AznarLou I, Serrano-Blanco, A., Juncosa, M., Tosas, A., Bernadàs, A. y Luciano, J. V. (2017). Effectiveness of the “What’s up!” intervention to reduce stigma and psychometric properties of the youth program questionnaire (YPQ): Results from a cluster non-randomized controlled trial conducted in Catalan high schools. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, Artículo 1608. https:// doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01608
  • Angermeyer, M. C., Matschinger, H. y Corrigan, P. W. (2004). Familiarity with mental illness and social distance from people with schizophrenia and major depression: Testing a model using data from a representative population survey. Schizophrenia Research, 69(2-3), 175-182. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00186-5
  • Cangas, A. y Galván, B. (2020). Estudio preliminar de la utilidad de un programa de realidad virtual contra el estigma en salud mental. Psicología y Crecimiento Humano, 1(1), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2020. n1.v1.1760
  • Cangas, A., López, A., Orta, A., Gallego, J., Alias, A., Soriano, C. y Piedra, J. A. (2017). “Inclúyete”: Programa socioeducativo e inclusivo para personas con trastorno mental grave y estudiantes en la Universidad de Almería. EduPsykhé, 16(1), 86-97.
  • Cangas, A., Navarro, N., Aguilar, J.M., Trigueros, R., Gallego, J., Zárate, R. y Gregg, M. (2019). Usefulness of a serious game to raise awareness among young people about mental health problems. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8 (10), Artículo 1504. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101504
  • Cangas, A., Navarro, N., Parra, J., Ojeda, J. J., Cangas, D., Piedra, J. A. y Gallego, J. (2017). Stigma-Stop: A serious game against the stigma toward mental health in educational settings. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, Artículo 1385. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01385
  • Carr, W., Wei, Y., Kutcher, S. y Heffernan, A. (2018). Preparing for the classroom: Mental health knowledge improvement, stigma reduction and enhanced help-seeking efficacy in Canadian preservice teachers. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 33(4), 314-326. https://doi. org/10.1177%2F0829573516688596
  • Casañas, R., Arfuch, V. M,, Castellví, P., Gil, J. J., Torres, M., Pujol, A., Castells, G., Teixidó, M., San-Emeterio, M. T., Sampietro, H. M., Caussa, A., Alonso, J. y Lalucat, L. L. (2018). “EspaiJove.net”– a school-based intervention programme to promote mental health and eradicate stigma in the adolescent population: Study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 18(1), Artículo 939. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12889-018-5855-1
  • Casañas, R. y Lalucat, L. L. (2018). Promoción de la salud mental, prevención de los trastornos mentales y lucha contra el estigma. Estrategias y recursos para la alfabetización emocional de los adolescentes. Injuve – Revista de Estudios de Juventud, 121, 117-132.
  • Cerully, J. L., Collins, R. L., Wong, E. C., Roth, E., Marks, J. E. y Yu, J. (2015). Effects of stigma and discrimination reduction programs conducted under the California mental health services authority: An evaluation of Runyon Saltzman Einhorn, Inc. Documental screening events. RAND Corporation, 14, 1-11. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/j.ctt19rmcx4
  • Corrigan, P. W., Larson, J. E., Kuwabara, S. A. y Sachiko, A. (2010). Social psychology of the stigma of mental illness: Public and self-stigma models. En J. E. Maddux y J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Social psychological foundations of clinical psychology (pp. 51-68). Guilford Press. https://bit. ly/3dmb9ss
  • Corrigan, P. W., Larson, J. E. y Rüsch, N. (2009). Self-stigma and the “why try” effect: Impact on life goals and evidence based practices. World Psychiatry, 8(2), 75-81. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2051-5545.2009. tb00218.x
  • Corrigan, P. W. y Penn, D. L. (1999). Lessons from social psychology on discrediting psychiatric stigma. American Psychologist, 54(9), 765–776. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.9.765
  • Corrigan, P. W. y Shapiro, J. R. (2010). Measuring the impact of programs that challenge the public stigma of mental illness. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(8), 907-922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.06.004
  • Corrigan, P. W., Watson, A. C. y Barr, L. (2006). The self-stigma of mental illness: implications for self-esteem and self-efficacy. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(8), 875-884. https://doi.org/10.1521/ jscp.2006.25.8.875
  • De la Higuera, J., Jiménez González, A., Zurita Carrasco, M., Candelas Muñoz, A., Fuica Pereg, P., Martínez Fernandez-Repeto, E., Moreno Albert, S., Ortega Herreros, C. H. y Linares Cobacho, A. (2020). Estrategias para la reducción del stigma hacia la salud mental en el context escolar; estudio preliminar y pilotaje del programa Lo hablamos. Psychology, Society & Education, 12(3), 139-159. https://doi.org/10.25115/psye.v12i3.3458
  • Del Casale, A., Manfredi, G., Kotzalidis, G. D., Serata, D., Rapinesi, C., Caccia, F., Caccia, V., Brugnoli, C., Caltagirone, S. S., De Chiara, L., Tamorri, S. M., Angeletti, G., Brugnoli, R., Haghighat, R., Tatarelli, R. y Girardi, P. (2013). Awareness and education on mental disorders in teenagers reduce stigma for mental illness: A preliminary study. Journal of Psychopathology, 19(3), 208-212.
  • Del Olmo-Romero, F., González-Blanco, M., Sarró, S., Grácio, J., MartínCarrasco, M., Martinez-Cabezón, A. C., Perna, G., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Varandas, P., Ballesteros-Rodríguez, J., Rebolleda-Gil, C., Vanni, G. y González-Fraile, E. (2019). Mental health professionals’ attitudes towards mental illness: professional and cultural factors in the INTER NOS study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 269(3), 325- 339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-018-0867-5
  • Fitzpatrick, k., Wells, k., Webber, M., Tasker, G. y Riedel, R. (2018). Mental health education and hauora: Teaching interpersonal skills, resilience, and wellbeing. NZCER Press.
  • Galán-Casado, D., Moraleda, A., Cangas, A. J. y López-Pardo, A. (2020). El espacio como herramienta terapéutica. Comparativa entre dos programas de actividad física con personas con trastorno mental grave. Revista de Estilos de Aprendizaje, 13(25), 55-69. http://revistaestilosdeaprendizaje. com/article/view/1582
  • Gallego, J., Cangas, A. J., Aguilar, J. M., Trigueros, R., Navarro, N., Galván, B., Smyshnov, K. y Gregg, M. (2020) Education students’ stigma toward mental health problems: A cross-cultural comparison. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, Artículo 587321. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.587321
  • Henderson, C., Noblett, J., Parke, H., Clement, S., Caffrey, A., Gale-Grant, O., Schulze, B., Druss, B. y Thornicroft, G. (2014). Mental health-related stigma in health care and mental health-care settings. Lancet Psychiatry, 1(6), 467-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00023-6
  • Holtz, K. F. (2017). The mental health literacy of high school teachers (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Columbia University.
  • Imran, N., Rahman, A., Chaudhry, N. y Asif, A. (2018). World Health Organization’s “School mental health manual” based training for school teachers in Urban Lahore, Pakistan: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 19(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018- 2679-3
  • Johnson, L., Adams-Becker, S., Estrada, V. y Freeman, A. (2014). NMC Horizon Report: Higher education edition. The New Media Consortium.
  • Kolodziej, M. E. y Johnson, B. T. (1996). Interpersonal contact and acceptance of persons with psychiatric disorders: A research synthesis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1387-1396. https://doi. org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1387
  • Kranke, D., Floersch, J., Townsend, L. y Munson, M. (2010). Stigma experience among adolescents taking psychiatric medication. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(4), 496-505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. childyouth.2009.11.002
  • Larøi, F. y Van der Linden, M. (2009) The effects of a documentary film on reducing stigmatisation about schizophrenia. Psychosis, 1(1) 61-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/17522430802578395
  • Lien, Y. Y., Lin, H. S., Tsai, C. H., Lien, Y. J. y Wu, T. T. (2019). Changes in attitudes toward mental illness in healthcare professionals and students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(23), Artículo 6689. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234655
  • Link, B. G., Cullen, F. T., Frank, J. y Wozniak, J. F. (1987). The social rejection of former mental patients: Understanding why labels matter. American Journal of Sociology, 92(6), 1461-1500. https://doi.org/10.1086/228672
  • Martínez-Martínez, C., Sánchez-Martínez, V., Sales-Orts, R., Dinca, A., RichartMartínez, M. y Ramos-Pichardo, J. D. (2019). Effectiveness of direct contact intervention with people with mental illness to reduce stigma in nursing students. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 28(3), 735-743. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12578
  • Mascayano, F., Armijo, J. y Yang, L. (2015). Addressing stigma relating to mental illness in lowand middle-income countries. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 6, Artículo 38. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00038
  • Michaels, P. J., López, M., Rüsch, N. y Corrigan, P. W. (2012). Constructs and concepts comprising the stigma of mental illness. Psychology, Society, & Education, 4(2), 183-194. https://doi.org/10.25115/psye.v4i2.490
  • Monteiro, N. M. (2014). Teaching psychopathology to reduce mental illness stigma: Student perceptions from the University of Botswana. International Psychology Bulletin, 18(1), 15-22. https://bit.ly/3jVa7EO
  • Moraleda, A., Galán-Casado, D. y Cangas, A. J. (2019). Reducing self-stigma in people with severe mental illness participating in a regular football league: an exploratory study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(19), 3599. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph16193599
  • Moreno-Rodríguez, R., Carnicero, J. D., Martínez-Heras, P., Báez miralles, A., Castro Rodrígo, M. A., Fernández Lorente, L., Mendez Moya, M., Patier del Río, M. T. y González Villajos, F. J. (2018). Impacto de los talleres de sensibilización en la reducción del estigma social hacia las personas con enfermedad mental. Revista de Educación Inclusiva, 11(2),199-214.
  • Mullor, D., Sayans, P., Cangas, A. J. y Navarro, N. (2019). Effect of a serious game (Stigma-Stop) on reducing stigma among psychology students: A controlled study. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(3), 205-211. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2018.0172
  • Muñoz, M., Pérez Santos, E., Crespo, M. y Guillen, A. I. (2009). Estigma y enfermedad mental. Análisis del rechazo social que sufren las personas con enfermedad mental. Editorial Complutense. https://bit.ly/3bf5eCx
  • Navarro, N. (2018). Desarrollo y validación de un serious game para sensibilizar a los jóvenes sobre los problemas de salud mental (tesis doctoral no publicada). Universidad de Almería.
  • Navarro, N., Cangas, A. J., Aguilar-Parra, J. M., Gallego, J., Moreno-San Pedro, E., Carrasco-Rodríguez, Y. y Fuentes-Méndez, C. (2017). Propiedades psicométricas de la versión en castellano del Cuestionario de las Actitudes de los Estudiantes hacia la Esquizofrenia. Psychology, Society & Education, 9(2), 325-334. https://doi.org/10.25115/psye.v9i2.865
  • Navarro, N. y Trigueros, R. (2019). Estigma en los profesionales de la salud mental: una revisión sistemática. Psychology, Society & Education, 11(2), 253-266. https://doi.org/10.25115/psye.v11i2.2268
  • Overton, S. L. y Medina, S. L. (2008). The stigma of mental illness. Journal of Counseling & Development, 86(2), 143-151. https://doi. org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00491.x
  • Perciful, M. (2012). The impact of film on the construction and deconstruction of mental illness. Stigmatization in young adults (Doctoral thesis). Wright State University. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_ all/1128
  • Phelan, J. C., Link, B. G., Stueve, A. y Pescosolido, B. A. (2000). Public conceptions of mental illness in 1950 and 1996. What is mental illness and is it to be feared? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41(2), 188- 207. https://doi.org/10.2307/2676305
  • Pinfold, V., Thornicroft, G., Huxley, P. y Farmer, P. (2005). Active ingredients in anti-stigma programmes in mental health. International Review Psychiatry, 17(2), 123-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540260500073638
  • Romero, M. y Turpo, O. (2015). Serious games para el desarrollo de las competencias del siglo XXI. Revista de Educación a Distancia, 34, 1-22.
  • Rüsch, N., Angermeyer, M. C. y Corrigan, P. W. (2005). Mental illness stigma: Concepts, consequences, and initiatives to reduce stigma. European Psychiatry, 20(8), 529-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.04.004
  • Sampedro, B. y McMullin, K. (2015). Videojuegos para la inclusión educativa. Digital Education Review, 27, 122-137.
  • Schulze, B., Richter-Werling, M., Matschinger, H. y Angermeyer, M. C. (2003). Crazy? So what! Effects of a school project on students’ attitudes toward people with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 107(2),142- 150. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.02444.x
  • Skre, I., Friborg, O., Breivik, C., Johnsen, L. I., Arnesen, Y. y Wang, C. E. A. (2013). A school intervention for mental health literacy in adolescents: Effects of a non-randomized cluster controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 13(1), Artículo 873. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-873
  • Spagnolo, A. B., Murphy, A. A. y Librera, L. A. (2008). Reducing stigma by meeting and learning from people with mental illness. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31(3), 186-193. https://doi.org/10.2975/31.3.2008.186.193
  • Taylor, R., Oberle, E., Durlak, J. A. y Weissberg, R. P. (2017). Promoting positive youth development through school-based social and emotional learning interventions: A meta-analysis of follow-up effects. Child Development, 88(4), 1156-1171. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12864
  • Thornicroft, G., Mehta, N., Clement, S., Evans-Lacko, S., Doherty, M., Rose, D., Koschorke, M., Shidhaye, R., O’Reilly, C. y Henderson, C. (2016). Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental-health related stigma and discrimination. Lancet, 387(1023), 1123-1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(15)00298-6
  • Wei, Y. y Kutcher, S. (2012). International school mental health: Global approaches, global challenges, and global opportunities. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 21(1), 11-27. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2011.09.005
  • Yamaguchi, S., Wu, S. I., Biswas, M., Yate, M., Aoki, Y., Barley, E. A. y Thornicroft, G. (2013). Effects of short-term interventions to reduce mental healthrelated stigma in university or college students: A systematic review. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201(6), 490-503. https:// doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e31829480df