Violación de los Derechos Humanos de mujeres migrantes internacionales durante el trayecto migratoriorevisión sistematizada

  1. Fabiola Ortega de Mora 1
  2. Teresa Terrón-Caro 1
  1. 1 Universidad Pablo de Olavide
    info

    Universidad Pablo de Olavide

    Sevilla, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02z749649

Zeitschrift:
Revista española de educación comparada

ISSN: 1137-8654

Datum der Publikation: 2023

Titel der Ausgabe: Postcolonialismo y educación

Nummer: 43

Seiten: 291-314

Art: Artikel

DOI: 10.5944/REEC.43.2023.37360 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen Access editor

Andere Publikationen in: Revista española de educación comparada

Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung

Zusammenfassung

Ante la creciente feminización de las migraciones internacionales y la identidad propia que caracteriza los procesos migratorios desarrollados por mujeres, el objetivo del presente artículo es analizar las publicaciones que se han realizado desde 2016 hasta 2022 sobre la violación de los Derechos Humanos que sufren las mujeres durante el viaje migratorio internacional con la finalidad de visibilizar dicha realidad. Para ello se ha desarrollado una revisión sistematizada en cuatro bases de datos: Web Of Science, Scopus, ProQuest y ScienceDirect. Los resultados han demostrado la escasez de investigaciones que se han realizado en la materia, la constante violación de los Derechos Humanos que sufren las mujeres durante la migración y el cruce fronterizo, así como la falta de medidas adoptadas. Esto evidencia la necesidad de seguir investigando, especialmente desde un enfoque comparado e internacional, para plantear un sistema de gobernanza que asegure la consecución de los Derechos Humanos de las migrantes.

Bibliographische Referenzen

  • Abbatecola, E., Benasso, S., & Pidello, C. (2010). Sex markets and trafficking in the globalization era.
  • Adepoju, A. (2005). Review of research and data on human trafficking in sub-Saharan Africa. International Migration, 43(1-2), 75-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-7985.2005.00313.x
  • Aitchison, J., Gilchirst, A., & Bawden, D. (2005). Thesaurus construction and use: a practical manual (4th ed.). Routledge.
  • Anderson, B. (2012). Where’s the harm in that? Immigration enforcement, trafficking, and the protection of migrants’ rights. American Behavioral Scientist, 56(9), 1241-1257. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764212443814
  • Angulo-Pasel, C. (2019). The categorized and invisible: The effects of the ‘border’on women migrant transit flows in Mexico. Social Sciences, 8(5), 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8050144
  • Anthias, F. (1998). Rethinking social divisions: some notes towards a theoretical framework. Sociological Review, 46(3), 505-553.
  • A.P.D.H.A. (2021). Derechos Humanos en la Frontera Sur 2021. APDHA.
  • Arsenijević, J., Schillberg, E., Ponthieu, A., Malvisi, L., Elrahman Ahmed, W. A., Argenziano, S., Zamatto, F., Burroughs, S., Severy, N., Hebting, C., de Vingne, B., Harries, A. D., & Zachariah, R. (2017). A crisis of protection and safe passage: violence experienced by migrants/refugees travelling along the Western Balkan corridor to Northern Europe. Conflict and Health, 11(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-017-0107-z
  • Asakura, H., & Torres, M. (2013). Migración femenina centroamericana y violencia de género: pesadilla sin límites. Revista del Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinario sobre Mujeres, 21(22), 75-86.
  • Barner, J. R., Okech, D., & Camp, M. (2014). Socio-economic inequality, human trafficking, and the global slave trade. Societies, 4(3), 148-160. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc4020148
  • Becerra, D., Lechuga-Peña, S., Castillo, J., Pérez, R., Ciriello, N., Cervantes, F., & Porchas, F. (2022). «Esto no se lo deseo a nadie»: the Impact of Immigration Detention on Latina/o Immigrants. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-022-00210-7
  • Bell, S. A. (2009). Violence against sex workers in Latin America: Pervasiveness, impunity, and implications. Human Rights and Human Welfare, 8, 132-150.
  • Benería, L., Diana, C., & Kabeer, N. (2012). Gender and international migration: Globalization, development, and governance. Feminist Economics, 18(2), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2012.688998
  • Blanco, M. (2011). El enfoque del curso de vida: orígenes y desarrollo. Revista Latinoamericana de Población, 5(8), 5-31. https://doi.org/10.31406/relap2011.v5.i1.n8.1
  • Blancas, P. R. (2017). Cuerpos marcados por la violencia sexual. Niñas y mujeres jóvenes migrantes en la frontera norte. Sociológica, 32(91), 317-332.
  • Borgeaud-Garciandía, N. (2017). Trayectorias de vida y relaciones de dominación. Las trabajadoras migrantes en Buenos Aires. Estudos Feministas, 25(2), 757-776. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9584.2017v25n2p757
  • Brabeck, K., & Xu, Q. (2010). The impact of detention and deportation on Latino immigrant children and families: A quantitative exploration. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 32(3), 341-361. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986310374053
  • Brigden, N., & Mainwaring, Ċ. (2016). Matryoshka Journeys: Im/mobility During Migration. Geopolitics, 21(2), 243-262. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2015.1122592
  • Caglar, G. (2016). Gender mainstreaming. Politics & Gender, 9(3), 336-344. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X13000214
  • Chaudry, A., Capps, R., Pedroza, J., Castaneda, R. M., Santos, R., & Scott, M. M. (2010). Facing our future: Children in the aftermath of immigration enforcement. En The Urban Institute. The Urban Institute.
  • Ciurlo, A. A., & Salvatori, S. (2021). El impacto de las relaciones de género en la migración calificada: el caso de las mujeres mexicanas y colombianas. Revista Arista-Crítica, 1(1), 84–102. https://doi.org/10.18041/2745-1453/rac.2020.v1n1.6409
  • Cleaveland, C., & Kirsch, V. (2020). «They took all my clothes and made me walk naked for two days so I couldn’t escape»: Latina immigrant experiences of human smuggling in Mexico. Qualitative Social Work, 19(2), 213-228. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325018816362
  • Codina, L. (2018). Revisiones bibliográficas sistematizadas: procedimientos generales y Framework para ciencias humanas y sociales. 1-87.
  • Council of Europe. (2019). What Is Gender Mainstreaming? https://www.coe.int/en/web/genderequality/what-is-gender-mainstreaming
  • Davda, L. S., Gallagher, J. E., & Radford, D. R. (2018). Migration motives and integration of international human resources of health in the United Kingdom: systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies using framework analysis. Human Resources for Health, 16(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-018-0293-9
  • de Genova, N. (2004). The Legal Production of Mexican/Migrant “Illegality”. Latino Studies, 2(2), 160-185. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.lst.8600085
  • del Álamo, N., & Trejo, A. (2020). Los estudiantes venezolanos en España: un colectivo migratorio cualificado afectado por el conflicto. América Latina Hoy, 85, 91-109. https://doi.org/10.14201/alh.21958
  • Deluca, L. A., McEwen, M. M., & Keim, S. M. (2010). United States–Mexico border crossing: Experiences and risk perceptions of undocumented male immigrants. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 12(1), 113-123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-008-9197-4
  • Esposito, F., Quinto, C. R., de Masi, F., Gargano, O., & Costa, P. A. (2016). Voices of Nigerian women survivors of trafficking held in Italian centres for identification and expulsion. International Migration, 54(4), 133-149. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12253
  • Gebreyesus, T., Sultan, Z., Ghebrezghiabher, H. M., Singh, N., Tol, W. A., Winch, P. J., Davidovitch, N., & Surkan, P. J. (2019). Violence en route: Eritrean women asylum-seekers experiences of sexual violence while migrating to Israel. Health Care for Women International, 40(7-9), 721-743. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2019.1566336
  • Gebreyesus, T., Sultan, Z., Ghebrezghiabher, H. M., Tol, W. A., Winch, P. J., Davidovitch, N., & Surkan, P. J. (2018). Life on the margins: the experiences of sexual violence and exploitation among Eritrean asylum-seeking women in Israel. BMC Women’s Health, 18(135). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0624-y
  • Gómez, A., Menjívar, C., & Staples, W. G. (2017). «Humane» immigration enforcement and Latina immigrants in the detention complex. Feminist Criminology, 12(3), 269-292. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085117699069
  • Gottardo, C., & Cyment, P. (2019). The Global Compact for Migration: what could it mean for women and gender relations? Gender & Development, 27(1), 67-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2019.1570725
  • Guzmán-Ordaz, R. (2011). De la perspectiva de género al paradigma interseccional. Aportaciones para el análisis de las migraciones feminizadas en Vázquez Bermúdez, I. & Flecha García, C. (Eds.), Investigación y género, logros y retos: III Congreso Universitario Nacional Investigación y Género (pp. 865-877). Universidad de Sevilla
  • Hennebry, J. L., & Petrozziello, A. J. (2019). Closing the gap? Gender and the global compacts for migration and refugees. International Migration, 57(6), 115-138. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12640
  • Hennebry, J., Williams, K., & Walton-Roberts, M. (2016). Women working worldwide: A situational analysis of women migrant workers. UN Women.
  • Hlatshwayo, M. (2019). The Trials and Tribulations of Zimbabwean Precarious Women Workers in Johannesburg: A Cry for Help? Qualitative Sociology Review, 15(1), 62-85. https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.15.1.03
  • Holliday, J., Hennebry, J., & Gammage, S. (2019). Achieving the sustainable development goals: surfacing the role for a gender analytic of migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(14), 2551-2565. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2018.1456720
  • Human Rights Watch. (2014). I Wanted to Lie Down and Die": Trafficking and Torture of Eritreans in Sudan and Egypt. Human Rights Watch. http://www.refworld.org/docid/52fe17884.html
  • Humphris, R. (2013). Refugees and the Rashaida: Human smuggling and trafficking from Eritrea to Sudan and Egypt. En New Issues in Refugee Research. UNHCR.
  • IMUMI, & ONU Mujeres. (2015). Las trabajadoras migrantes centroamericanas en Chiapas: Recomendaciones de política pública para garantizar el ejercicio de sus derechos (1a Ed.). ONU Mujeres.
  • Ivanova, O., Rai, M., & Kemigisha, E. (2018). A systematic review of sexual and reproductive health knowledge, experiences and access to services among refugee, migrant and displaced girls and young women in Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(8), 1583. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081583
  • Keygnaert, I., Dialmy, A., Manço, A., Keygnaert, J., Vettenburg, N., Roelens, K., & Temmerman, M. (2014). Sexual violence and sub-Saharan migrants in Morocco: a community-based participatory assessment using respondent driven sampling. Globalization and health, 10(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-10-32
  • Kirby, P. (2020). Sexual violence in the border zone: the EU, the Women, Peace and Security agenda and carceral humanitarianism in Libya. International Affairs, 96(5), 1209-1226. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa097
  • Koning, S., Scott, K., Conway, J. H., & Palta, M. (2021). Reproductive health at conflict borders: a cross-sectional survey of human rights violations and perinatal outcomes at the Thai-Myanmar border. Conflict and Health, 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-021-00347-8
  • Koulish, R. (2015). Spiderman’s web and the governmentality of electronic immigrant detention. Law, Culture and the Humanities, 11(1), 83-108. https://doi.org/10.1177/1743872111433376
  • Kriel, L. (2021, enero 12). ICE guards «systematically» sexually assault detainees in an El Paso detention center, lawyers say. The Texas Tribune and Propublica. https://www.texastribune.org/2020/08/14/ texas-immigrant-detention-ice-el-paso-sexual-abuse/
  • Leyva-Flores, R., Infante, C., Gutierrez, J. P., Quintino-Perez, F., Gómez-Saldivar, M., & Torres-Robles, C. (2019). Migrants in transit through Mexico to the US: Experiences with violence and related factors, 2009-2015. PLoS One, 14(8), e0220775. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220775
  • Lobasz, J. K. (2009). Beyond border security: Feminist approaches to human trafficking. Security Studies, 18(2), 319-344. https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410902900020
  • Lutz, H. (2010). Gender in the migratory process. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(10), 1647-1663. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2010.489373
  • Magalhães, L. (2021). Habitar entre fronteras. Un estudio teórico sobre mujeres migrantes y hogares transnacionales y transfronterizos. Estudios fronterizos, 22, e065. 1-25. https://doi.org/10.21670/ref.2102065
  • McFadden, M., Velez, C.M., & Ávila, M.M. (2022) Pregnant Migrant Latinas at the US Border: A Reproductive Justice Informed Analysis of ICE Health Service Policy During “Zero-Tolerance”. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work 7, 349-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-022-00227-y
  • Menjívar, C., & Kil, S. H. (2002). For their own good: Benevolent rhetoric and exclusionary language in public officials’ discourse on immigrant-related issues. Social Justice, 29(1/2 (87-88)), 160-176.
  • Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund. (2014). Complaints regarding sexual abuse of women in DHS custody at Karnes County Residential Center. https://www.maldef.org/assets/pdf/2014-09-30_Karnes_PREA_Letter_Complaint.pdf
  • Meyer, S. R., Robinson, C., Branchini, C., Abshir, N., Mar, A. A., & Decker, M. R. (2019). Gender differences in violence and other human rights abuses among migrant workers on the Thailand–Myanmar border. Violence against Women, 25(8), 945-967. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801218805587
  • Mountz, A. (2015). In/visibility and the securitization of migration: Shaping publics through border enforcement on islands. Cultural Politics, 11(2), 184-200. https://doi.org/10.1215/17432197-2895747
  • Musalo, K., Pellegrin, E., & Roberts, S. S. (2010). Crimes without punishment: Violence against women in Guatemala. Hastings Women’s Law Journal, 21(2), 161.
  • Njue, C., Karumbi, J., Esho, T., Varol, N., & Dawson, A. (2019). Preventing female genital mutilation in high income countries: a systematic review of the evidence. Reproductive Health, 16(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0774-x
  • Núñez, S., & Carrasco, G. (2005). Tráfico de migrantes indocumentados en la frontera México-Estados Unidos. Alegatos, 19(61), 623-646.
  • Oberoi, P. (2018). Words matter. but rights matter more. Anti-Trafficking Review, 11. https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.2012181110
  • Ottenheimer, D., Huda, Z., Yim, E. T., & Atkinson, H. G. (2022). Physician complicity in human rights violations: involuntary sterilization among women from Mexico and Central America seeking asylum in the United States. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 89, 102358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2022.102358
  • Palmer, L. M. (2021). Saving whiteness: spectacular violence and the politics of white supremacist patriarchy. Feminist Media Studies, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2021.1887918
  • Paloma, V., Escobar-Ballesta, M., Galván-Vega, B., Díaz-Bautista, J. D., & Benítez, I. (2021). Determinants of life satisfaction of economic migrants coming from developing countries to countries with very high human development: A systematic review. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16, 435-455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-020-09832-3
  • Peroni, L. (2018). The borders that disadvantage migrant women in enjoying human rights. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, 36(2), 93-110. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0924051918771229
  • Pirker, K. (2022). Cambiar las narrativas: acompañamiento humanitario, jurídico y político a mujeres en tránsito por México. REMHU: Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana, 30(65), 141-167. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-85852503880006510
  • Pratt, G. (2004). Working feminism. Temple University Press.
  • Raghuram, P. (2004). Crossing borders: gender and migration. En L. Staeheli, E. Kofman, & L. Peake (Eds.), Mapping Women, Making Politics: Feminist Perspectives on Political Geography (pp. 185-198). Routledge.
  • Rocha-Jimenez, T., Brouwer, K. C., Salazar, M., Boyce, S. C., Servin, A. E., Goldenberg, S. M., Staines-Orozco, H., Vera-Monroy, R. B., & Silverman, J. G. (2018). «He invited me and didn’t ask anything in return» Migration and Mobility as Vulnerabilities for Sexual Exploitation among Female Adolescents in Mexico. International Migration, 56(2), 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12333
  • Rocha-Jiménez, T., Brouwer, K. C., Silverman, J. G., Morales-Miranda, S., & Goldenberg, S. M. (2016). Migration, violence, and safety among migrant sex workers: a qualitative study in two Guatemalan communities. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 18(9), 965-979. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2015.1122229
  • Romero, M. (2022). Experiencias de violencia de género en mujeres migrantes bolivianas residentes en Tarapacá, Chile. Estudios fronterizos, 23, 1-24.
  • Savona, E. U., & Stefanizzi, S. (2007). Measuring human trafficking: Complexities and pitfalls (1st Ed.). Springer.
  • Speed, S. (2016). States of violence: Indigenous women migrants in the era of neoliberal multicriminalism. Critique of Anthropology, 36(3), 280-301. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X16646834
  • Spener, D. (2008). El apartheid global, el coyotaje y el discurso de la migración clandestina: Distinciones entre violencia personal, estructural y cultural. Migración y desarrollo, 6(10), 127-156. https://doi.org/10.35533/myd.0610.ds
  • Staples, W. G. (2013). Everyday surveillance: Vigilance and Visibility in Postmodern Life (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Stumpf, J. (2006). The crimmigration crisis: Immigrants, crime, and sovereign power. American University Law Review, 56, 367.
  • UN DESA. (2022). Total number of international migrants at mid-year. http://migrationdataportal.org/es/data
  • United Nations. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. En UN General Assembly. https://www.un.org/es/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2020). Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2020. United Nations.
  • Vallet, É., Guillarmou, J., & Barry, Z. (2016). Walled World: Walls and Border Fences Separate Nations and Territories Around the World. The Economist.
  • van Hout, M. C. (2022). Human rights violations, detention conditions and the invisible nature of women in European immigration detention: a legal realist account. International Journal of Prisoner Health, 18(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-03-2021-0023
  • van Reisen, M., Estefanos, M., & Rijken, C. (2012). Human trafficking in the Sinai: Refugees between life and death. Wolf Legal Publishers.
  • Welfens, N. (2020). Protecting refugees inside, protecting borders abroad? Gender in the EU’s responses to the ‘refugee crisis’. Political Studies Review, 18(3), 378-392. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478929919887349
  • Wingens, M. & Reiter, H. (2012). The life course approach–it’s about time! BIOS, Zeitschrift Für Biographieforschung, Oral History Und Lebensverlaufsanalysen, 24(2). https://elibrary.utb.de/doi/10.3224/bios.v24i2.05
  • Yeo, J., & Huang, X. (2020). Migration in public administration research: A systematic review and future directions. International Journal of Public Administration, 43(2), 176-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2019.1672731